A financial charge or other levy that is imposed on an
individual or a legal or even a sub-national entity by a state or a
functional equivalent of a state like a tribe, secessionist movement
or revolutionary movement among others, is commonly referred to as a
tax, also known as a duty.
Taxes can either be part of a direct tax or
indirect tax, and may be paid in cash or as corvée labor (taxes in
the form of labor). In modern times, particularly in capitalist and
democratic taxation systems, taxes are levied in money, however,
taxation in kind and corvée taxation is characteristic of the more
retro traditional or pre-capitalist states and their functional
equivalents.
The collection of taxes is usually taken up by a
governmental agency such as the Internal Revenue Service in the
United States. So long as it is a modern society and a buoyant
economy that an individual is part of, there is no scope for
escaping taxes. If an individual is found not paying taxes as per
the guidelines laid down by the government, almost instantly,
penalties such as fines, forfeiture, and imprisonment are carried
out against the non-paying entity or individual.
These penalties may also be usually carried out
by a governmental agency, such as the Federal Bureau of
Investigation in the US. In most modern industrialized countries of
the present day world, when an individual fails to pay his
government the taxes that that government demands of him, it will
ultimately result in his imprisonment at the hands of the state.
Such a stance is adopted by the authorities in order to set a trend
and show others what can happen to them if they are to evade taxes,
which is considered a crime as per the penal code of most governing
bodies of the world.
However, this being a major factor involving the
individual having to give up a substantial part of his income away
is reason for many a debate on the different aspects of Taxation.
The means by which taxation is carried out, and the productive
causes to which the funds raised through taxation should be put, are
often a matter of hot debate in politics and economics, so
discussions on taxation are frequently
unpleasant.
The Government Accountability Office said
72 percent of all foreign corporations and about
57 percent of U.S. companies doing business in the United
States paid no federal income taxes for at least one year
between 1998 and 2005.